Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine
Volume 17, Issue 4 , Pages 196-204 , October 2009

Diagnosis, Classification, and Management of Acute Proximal Hamstring Avulsion Injuries

  • Peter I. Sallay, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Peter I. Sallay, MD, Methodist Sports Medicine, 201 Pennsylvania Parkwy, Street 320, Indianapolis, IN 46280

References 

  1. Brooks JH, Fuller CW, Kemp SP, et al. Incidence, risk, and prevention of hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:1297–1306
  2. Anzel SH, Covey KW, Weiner AD, et al. Disruption of muscles and tendons (An analysis of 1014 cases). Surgery. 1959;45:406–414
  3. Koulouris G, Connell D. Evaluation of the hamstring muscle complex following injury. Sketetal Radiol. 2003;32:582–589
  4. McMaster PE. Tendon and muscle ruptures (Clinical and experimental studies on the causes and location of subcutaneous ruptures). J Bone Joint Surg. 1933;15:705–722
  5. Garrett WE, Rich FR, Nikolaou PK, et al. Computed tomography of hamstring muscle strains. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989;21:506–514
  6. Kannus P, Jozsa LJ. Histopathological changes preceding spontaneous rupture of tendon (A controlled study of 891 patients). J Bone Joint Surg. 1991;73:1507–1525
  7. Sallay PI, Friedman MD, Coogan PG, et al. Hamstring muscle injuries in water skiers (Functional outcome and prevention). Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:130–136
  8. Sallay PI, Ballard G, Hamersly S, et al. Subjective and functional outcomes following surgical repair of complete ruptures of the proximal hamstring complex. Orthopedics. 2008;31:1092
  9. Klingele KE, Sallay PI. Surgical repair of complete proximal hamstring tendon rupture. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30:742–747
  10. Orava S, Kujala UM. Rupture of the ischial origin of the hamstring muscles. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23:702–705
  11. Sarimo J, Lempainen L, Mattila K, et al. Complete proximal hamstring avulsions: A series of 41 patients with operative treatment. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36:1110–1115
  12. Wood DG, Packham I, Trikha SP, et al. Avulsion of the proximal hamstring origin. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90:2365–2374
  13. Brucker PU, Imhoff AB. Functional assessment after acute and chronic complete ruptures of the proximal hamstring tendons. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005;13:411–418
  14. Folsom GJ, Larson CM. Surgical treatment of acute versus chronic complete proximal hamstring ruptures: Results of a new allograft technique for chronic reconstructions. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36:104–109
  15. Cohen S, Bradley J. Acute proximal hamstring rupture. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2007;15:350–355Review
  16. Lempainen L, Sarimo J, Heikkilä J, et al. Surgical treatment of partial tears of the proximal origin of the hamstring muscles. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40:688–691
  17. Ishikawa K, Kai K, Mizuta H. Avulsion of the hamstring muscles from the ischial tuberosity (A report of 2 cases). Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;232:153–155
  18. Blasier RB, Morawa LG. Complete rupture of the hamstring origin from a water skiing injury. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18:435–437
  19. Konan S, Haddad F: Successful return to high level sports following early surgical repair of complete tears of the proximal hamstring tendons. Int Orthop (in press)
  20. Chakravarthy J, Ramisetty N, Pimpalnerkar A, et al. Surgical repair of complete proximal hamstring tendon ruptures in water skiers and bull riders: A report of four cases and review of the literature (Review). Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:569–572
  21. Cross MJ, Vandersluis MD, Wood D, et al. Surgical repair of chronic complete hamstring tendon rupture in the adult patient. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26:785–788

PII: S1060-1872(09)00140-3

doi: 10.1053/j.otsm.2009.11.007

Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine
Volume 17, Issue 4 , Pages 196-204 , October 2009