Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine
Volume 17, Issue 3 , Pages 175-193 , July 2009

How I Manage Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

  • Gregory C. Fanelli, MD

      Affiliations

    • Geisinger Sports Medicine, Danville, PA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Gregory C. Fanelli, MD, 115 Woodbine Lane, Danville, PA 17822-5212
    • ,
  • Joel L. Boyd, MD

      Affiliations

    • Sports Medicine Department, TRIA Orthopaedic Center, Bloomington, MN
    • ,
  • Matthew W. Heckler, DO

      Affiliations

    • Sports Medicine Department, TRIA Orthopaedic Center, Bloomington, MN

References 

  1. Schulz MS, Russe K, Weiler A, et al. Epidemiology of posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2003;123:186–191
  2. Fanelli GC, Edson CJ. Posterior cruciate ligament injuries in trauma patients (Part II). Arthroscopy. 1995;11:526–529
  3. Fowler PJ, Messieh SS. Isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries in athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1987;15:553–557
  4. Parolie JM, Bergfeld JA. Long-term results of nonoperative treatment of isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries in the athlete. Am J Sports Med. 1986;14:35–38
  5. Shino K, Horibe S, Nakata K, et al. Conservative treatment of isolate injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament in athletes. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1995;77:895–900
  6. Shelbourne KD, Davis TJ, Patel DV. The natural history of acute isolated, nonoperatively treated posterior cruciate ligament injuries (A prospective analysis). Am J Sports Med. 1999;27:276–283
  7. Shelbourne KD, Gray T. Natural history of acute posterior cruciate ligament tears. J Knee Surg. 2002;15:103–107
  8. Shelbourne KD, Muthukaruppan Y. Subjective results of nonoperatively treated, acute, isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Arthroscopy. 2005;21:457–461
  9. Peterson DC, Thain LM, Fowler PJ. Posterior cruciate ligament imaging. J Knee Surg. 2002;15:121–127
  10. Tewes DP, Fritts HM, Fields RD, et al. Chronically injured posterior cruciate ligament magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996;335:224–232
  11. Boynton MD, Tietjens BR. Long-term follow-up of the untreated isolated posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:306–310
  12. Cross MJ, Powell JF. Long-term Follow-up of posterior cruciate ligament rupture: A study of 116 cases. Am J Sports Med. 1984;12:292–297
  13. Keller PM, Shelbourne KD, McCarroll JR, et al. Nonoperatively treated isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1993;21:132–136
  14. Geissler WB, Whipple TL. Intrarticular abnormalities in association with posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1993;21:846–849
  15. Gill TJ, DeFrate LE, Wang C, et al. The biomechanical effect of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction of knee joint function (Kinematic response to simulated muscle loads). Am J Sports Med. 2003;31:530–536
  16. Gill TJ, DeFrate LE, Wang C, et al. The effect of posterior cruciate ligament reconstrucion on patellofemoral contact pressures in the knee joint under simulated muscle loads. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:109–115
  17. Mills WJ, Barei DP, McNair P. The value of the ankle-brachial index for diagnosing arterial injury after knee dislocation: A prospective study. J Trauma. 2004;56:1261–1265
  18. Levy BA, Fanelli GC, Whelan DB, et al. Controversies in the treatment of knee dislocation and multiligament reconstruction. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2009;17:197–206
  19. Sekiya JK, Whiddon DR, Zehms CT, et al. A clinically relevant assessment of posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner injuries. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90:1621–1627
  20. Garavaglia G, Lubbeke A, Dubois-Ferriere V, et al. Accuracy of stress radiography techniques in grading isolated and combined posterior knee injuries. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:2051–2056
  21. Garofalo R, Fanelli GC, Cikes A, et al. Stress radiography and posterior pathological laxity of knee: Comparison between two different techniques. Knee. 2009;16:251–255
  22. Jackman T, LaPrade RF, Pontinen T, et al. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the kneeling technique of stress radiography for the evaluation of posterior knee laxity. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36:1571–1576
  23. Schulz MS, Russe K, Lampakis G, et al. Reliability of stress radiography for evaluation of posterior knee laxity. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:502–506
  24. Halinen J, Lindahl J, Hivensalo E, et al. Operative and nonoperative treatments of medial collateral ligament rupture with early anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A prospective randomized study. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:1134–1140
  25. Fowler PJ, Pam JL, Brown GA. Medial opening wedge high Tibial osteotomy: How I do it. Oper Tech Sports Med. 2000;8:32–38
  26. Fanelli GC. Rationale and Surgical Technique for PCL and Multiple Knee Ligament Reconstruction. (ed 2). Warsaw, IN: Biomet Sports Medicine; 2008;
  27. Fanelli GC, Giannotti BF, Edson CJ. Current concepts review (The posterior cruciate ligament: Arthroscopic evaluation and treatment). Arthroscopy. 1994;10:673–688
  28. Fanelli GC. Posterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation: How slow should we go?. Arthroscopy. 2008;24:234–235
  29. Fanelli GC, Edson CJ. Combined posterior cruciate ligament-posterolateral reconstruction with Achilles tendon allograft and biceps femoris tendon tenodesis: 2- to 10-year follow-up. Arthroscopy. 2004;20:339–345
  30. Fanelli GC, Edson CJ, Orcutt DR, et al. Treatment of combined ACL PCL medial lateral side injuries of the knee. J Knee Surg. 2005;28:240–248

PII: S1060-1872(09)00118-X

doi: 10.1053/j.otsm.2009.08.002

Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine
Volume 17, Issue 3 , Pages 175-193 , July 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution